One of the most common cause of vision loss following uncomplicated cataract removal either with or without implantation of intraocular lens
Other conditions that may be complicated with CME include: diabetes, intraocular inflammation, vascular occlusions, epiretinal membrane, macroaneurysm, exudative age-related macular degeneration, hypotony and retinal detachment
Clinical Features
Symptoms:
Reduced visual acuity
Hyperopic shift refraction
Signs:
Loss of foveal depression
Thickening of the retina associated with translucent intraretinal cystoid spaces at the posterior pole
Fluorescein angiography demonstrates:
Dye leakage from small points in the midsection of each capillaries
Pooling of fluorescein in obliquely oriented henle layer which gives rise a characteristic petaloid staining patter in the perifoveal region
Late staining of the optic nerve is associated with inflammatory CME, typically after cataract extraction
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is very helpful for diagnosis as well as for follow-up of treatment
Management
Rule out infectious process, intraocular derangement such as entrapment of the iris or vitreous prolapse in the wound, uveitis or diabetic retinopathy
Therapeutic approach with topical corticosteroid or cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor
Sub-tenon's or intravitreal corticosteroid injection in refractory cases