Progressive corneal thinning due to ectatic degeneration, Terrien's degeneration, infections, or immune-related diseases such as in Mooren's ulcer and rheumatoid disease
Trauma
Iatrogenic during ocular surgery such as astigmatic or radial keratotomy
Management
Careful examination of other ocular structures involvement in cases of trauma.
Prophylactic antibiotics.
Soft bandage contact lens may be used for small perforations.
Surgical management:
Wound suturing.
Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive application, protected by a soft bandage contact lens.