Benign choroidal developmental tumors that composed of melanocytes.
Clinical Features
Dark gray - brownish pigmented, flat or minimally elevated lesion with slightly well demarcated margin, which size is mostly not greater than a disc diameter
Commonly associated with overlying Bruch's membrane changes, drusen depositions, RPE clumping or migration, serous detachment of the sensory retina or the RPE
Geographic patches of orange pigment may overlie the nevi, but may also be an early sign of a malignant transformation of the lesion
May be surrounded by a yellowish ring (halo nevus)
Choroidal neovascularization membrane associated with exudation or hemorrhage may develop.
Fluorescein Angiography
Angiographic features will vary depend on the degree of pigmentation
Deeply pigmented nevi will be relatively hypofluorescent, while less pigmented are tend to be hyperfluorescent
When the nevi encroaches or replaces part of the choriocapillaris, the lesions may appear hypofluorescence
Thicker nevi with overlying drusen will be hyperfluorescent
Deep-setting nevi that spare choriocapillaris will give relatively normal fluorescent
A-scan may have some value in diagnosing elevated lesions.
Management
Ophthalmic examination follow-up with serial fundus photography, ultrasonography or fluorescein angiography.
Photocoagulation when choroidal neovascularization developed.